Schematic of cigs thin film solar cell structure the above figure shows microscope picture of scribe on 600 nm thick molybdenum thin film. Cis and cigs are often used interchangeably within the cis cigs community. For these reasons, a thin cds layer is introduced in the solar cell and its thickness is precisely controlled to maximize the fill factor ff 12. In normal light irradiation, when a serial branch of solar cell is shaded, the shaded solar cell may considered to be an open circuit which may required to withstand a large amount of reverse bias that is sum of remaining solar cells. Thin film pv capacity in mw 20072010 ullal crystalline silicon pv systems presently have an energy payback time of 1. Cigs solar cell minimodules, with an aperture area of 80cm2 and cell widths of 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 9mm, manufactured at uppsala.
The prospect and current status of cigs thinfilm solar cells. The cigs cell with an efficiency exceeding 17% has been obtained using ss substrate 4. Thus, the numerical simulation shows that for cds cigs solar cell the maximal efficiency is 17. Current progress in future opportunities for thin film solar cells satyen k. Di xiao, xun li, dongming wang, qiang li, kai shen and deliang wang, cdte thin film solar cell with nio as a back contact buffer layer, solar energy materials and solar cells, 10. The efficiency of cigscds solar cell has reached 9. There is a recent interest in the development of cigs2 solar cells on flexible substrates. The goal of this project is to design a leadfree perovskite solar cell with an efficiency of 10%.
Its large optical absorption coefficient, which results from a direct energy gap, permits the use of thin layers 12. Current progress in future opportunities for thin film solar. Although cigs solar cells are considered to be in the early stages of largescale commercialization, they can be produced by. The layers that make up the two nonsilicon thin film solar cells are shown below. Market share evolution taken by the different solar cell technologies poort.
The absorber the cigs layer in a solar cell is where the action is. The centre for solar energy and hydrogen research badenwurttemberg zsw has nudged up the performance bar for thinfilm solar cells yet another notch. A dyesensitized solar cell dssc, dsc or dysc 11 is a lowcost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells12. Properties of high efficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells. Modeling and optimization of cigs solar cell module. Solar cells are a very attractive source of clean energy. In cigs solar cells, metallic molybdenum tf deposited on a glass substrate is used as a back contact. For a long time use, such shaded solar cell may need to consume a high. Cell number3432302826 j sc macm 2 0 10 20 30 40 cell number 85 80 75 70 65 fill factor % 0 10 20 30 40 cell number fig. The market at present is on the verge of switching to a second generation of thin film solar cell technology which offers prospects for a large.
Nanosolar makes its solar cells using a process that resembles offset printing. Typically ir or green dpss qswitched lasers are used to process electrically isolating scribes on molybdenum thin films. Even though we can never hope to convert all of that energy to electricity. In the same year mit was able to create a solar cell using an inkjet printer on paper. A study on the band structure of znocds heterojunction for. The data show that high efficiency cells can be fabricated without using the highresisitivity or undoped zno layer. Cigs solar cell with mbegrown zns buffer layer sciencedirect.
December 2011 on the reuse of commission documents oj l 330, 14. Our pv story 8 meyer burger 042015 1980 20062010 2015 party time, free cocaine consolidation bc changed reliability iec ext. May 16, 2008 while it trails in efficiency, cigs is not far away, has shown a cigs solar cell that converts 19. The cigs onglass cell requires a layer of molybdenum to create an effective electrode. Solar cells give us the easier way to utilize the enormous source of renewable energy. To contextualize, the highest recorded efficiency of a nonconcentrated pv cell is 38. Copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells intechopen. Light shining on the solar cell produces both a current and a voltage to generate electric power. From the beginning of solar cell history its reliability, durability and price is a highly considering issue. Cigs based thinfilm solar modules represent a highefficiency alternative for largescale, commercial solar modules. The reader is told why pv cells work, and how they are made.
Cigs solar cell, in full copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, thinfilm photovoltaic device that uses semiconductor layers of copper indium gallium selenide cigs to absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. The efficiency of ciscds solar cell with evaporation process has reached 4. Modelling and optimization of cigs solar cell modules. It is essential that solar energy and renewable energy sources. We humans currently use about 16 tw of energy in a year. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and. Copper indium gallium diselenide abbreviated cigs is a thin film solar cell based on the copper indium diselenide cis family of chalcopyrite semiconductors.
A thinfilm solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more. Investigation of low cost substrate approaches for iiiv. Most photovoltaic devices solar cells sold in the market today are based on silicon wafers, the socalled first generation technology. Notice that there are two basic configurations of the cigs solar cell. It was found that cell performance with the zns buffer layer was inferior compared to that with the cds buffer layer. In its simplest form, a solar cell is a largearea pn junction. The energy from the sun strikes to the earth is roughly 1,80,000 tw. Preliminary specification sheet cigs thin film solar modules. This state, known as an exciton, has a lower energy than an unbound electron and hole 2.
The biggest recent breakthroughs recently have come with cigs onfoil manufacturing. Cigs solar cell structure is a nthe type semiconductor ona ptype semiconductor along with a back electrical. For the similar solar cell the highest registered efficiency was 17. Properties of cigs solar cells were fabricated from thin absorbers 1 m deposited by the threestage process and simultaneous co. The leader in flexible, powerful, lightweight solar. The first instance of constructing a solar cell with an inkjet printer was by konarka in 2008. A solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. Investigation of low cost substrate approaches for iiiv solar cells marlene lydia lichty old dominion university follow this and additional works at. Cigsbased solar cells prepared from electrodeposited stacked.
A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell or cigs cell, sometimes cigs or cis cell is a thinfilm solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric power. A wide variety of cigs solar cell options are available to you, such as monocrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and polycrystalline silicon. Practically we might be able to abstract about 600 tw using solar cells. Result is the solar energy needed in one day in whrs. Explaining this selection requires a little diversion into solar cell device physics. It is manufactured by depositing a thin layer of copper, indium, gallium and selenium on glass or plastic backing, along with electrodes on the front and back to collect current. Cigs solar cell optimization the variance of the depletion width across the device suggests that there is a significant series resistance effect originating from the resistivity of the zno contact however, the zno contact absorbs some of the available light energy i. Finally, simulations are performed to optimize the performance of the cigs solar cell module with respect to e ciency. Simulation of the efficiency of cdscigs tandem multi. Stable cdte thin film solar cells with a moox back. Companies involved in cis solar panel production, a key thinfilm panel technology.
However, extracting the exact eg values of the solar cell materials using the conventional optical methods is quite challenging since they usually require preparation. Perovskite solar cells have the potential to achieve higher efficiencies at very low production costs. In 2011 oregon state university was able to discover a way to create cigs solar cells using an inkjet printer. Based upon the intrinsic features of thin film solar cells short energy payback time and minimum use of high purity materials thin film solar cells produce electricity at cost below conventional energy sources. Here, the light is absorbed and, through the photovoltaic effect, an electronhole pair is created. This extra layer isnt necessary in the cigs onfoil cell because the metal foil acts as the electrode. Jan 08, 2014 this is the second filter in the process selection. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells wikipedia. Copper indium gallium diselenide solar cells photovoltaic. Performance and efficiency of a solar cell depend, amongst others, on the. From solar module reliability to bifacial solar module. Nonsilicon thinfilm solar cells are much easier to manufacture and therefore remove these barriers.
International journal of engineering research and general. Modeling and optimization of cigs solar cell module figure 1. If the carbon footprint is also taken into account there is a clear advantage of thin film solar cells and a real chance. Deb director, basic sciences center national renewable energy laboratory golden, co 80401 presented at the workshop on physics for energy sources international center for theoretical physics ictp trieste, italy october 1729, 2005 034016345.
Perovskite solar cells have increased their efficiency from 3. While the quality of molybdenum scribes is known to be highly dependent. The solar energy as one of the new energy sources and a regenerated energy is abundant and pollutionfree. Nrel has significant capabilities in copper indium gallium diselenide cigs thinfilm photovoltaic research and device development. International journal of engineering research and general science volume 2, issue 4, junejuly, 2014 issn 20912730 500.
Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Cigs solar cell miasole thinfilm cigs solar cells on stainless steel substrate have high efficiency levels and provide significant advantages over conventional, rigid solar cells. Performance ratio quality factor for the pv plant sma. Energy from incident light creates the electronhole pairs or excitons in the case of.
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